...The report starts by defining the traditional view of the functions of war. It claims that there are three:
1. to defend a nation from military attack by another or to deter such an attack;
2. to defend or advance a national interest; and
3. to maintain or increase a nation's military power for its own sake.
It continues by stating that these are the "visible" functions, and that there are "invisible, or implied, functions" as well. These are spelled out in the report, but all functions have one common purpose: "War has provided both ancient and modern society with a debatable system for stabilizing and controlling national economies. No alternate method of control has yet been tested in a complex modern economy that has shown it is remotely comparable in scope or effectiveness. War fills certain functions essential to the stability of our society; until other ways of filling them are developed, the war system must be maintained — and improved in effectiveness."
The report then goes on to detail what the "invisible functions" of war are:
War... is the principal organizing force in most societies.
... The possibility of war provided the sense of external necessity without which no government can long remain in power.
The historical record reveals one instance after another where the failure... of a regime to maintain the credibility of a war threat led to its dissolution.
War... provides anti-social elements with an acceptable role in the social structure.
The younger, and more dangerous, of these hostile social groupings have been kept under control by the Selective Service System.
As a control device... the draft can again be defended...
The level of the draft calls tends to follow the major fluctuations in the unemployment rate...
Man destroys surplus members of his own species by organized warfare.
War is the principal motivational force for the development of science...
War is a... general social release... for the dissipation of general boredom.
War... enables the physically deteriorating older generation to maintain its control of the younger, destroying it if necessary.
The Unseen Hand by Ralph Epperson